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Biology Current Courses

Fall 2026

Course Code Title/Instructor Meets
BIOL 131-01 Introduction to Organisms, Populations, and Ecosystems: Topics in Field Natural History
Instructor: Gene Wingert
Course Description:
During the past fifty years, people have become nearly isolated from their natural environment. Fewer farms, urbanization, the expansion of suburbs, air conditioning, mall shopping, posted land, less access to waterways, forgotten victory gardens and a host of other societal changes as created a generation that is suffering from Nature Deficient Disorder. Even the science of Biology has become more concentrated in the cellular and molecular realm than the field sciences. This course will explore the realm of field biology and natural history in the Carlisle area and familiarize students with some of the common forms of life outside the classroom. Being familiar with the organisms that compose ecosystems enables a student to have a better understanding of the principals of ecology. Sustaining our wildlife in the face of climate change, development, energy resource extraction, pesticides and various gender bender compounds will also be a focus of this course.
09:30 AM-10:20 AM, MWF
JAMESR 2228
01:30 PM-04:30 PM, M
JAMESR 2228
BIOL 131-02 Introduction to Organisms, Populations, and Ecosystems: Topics in Ocean Ecology
Instructor: Mike Potthoff
Course Description:
The overall goal of this course is to give students an understanding of the biology of marine communities. This includes principles of marine science, organisms of the ocean, structure/function of marine ecosystems, and the interactions between humans and the ocean. This course we will also discuss ways to help minimize negative human impacts on the marine environment, such as: eutrophication, climate change, marine pollution, coastal development, and overfishing.
09:00 AM-10:15 AM, TR
JAMESR 1206
01:30 PM-04:30 PM, R
JAMESR 2228
BIOL 132-01 Introduction to Molecules, Genes, and Cells: Topics in Cell Biology
Instructor: Missy Niblock
Course Description:
This introductory course approaches core biological themes from the molecular and cellular level, and is complementary to BIOL 131, Introduction to Organisms, Populations, and Ecosystems. Course content will be focused around a specific theme determined by the instructor, and will include biomolecule and cell structure and function; cell signaling and communication; chromosome and gene structure; DNA replication; transcription; and translation. The course will involve lecture, discussion, and readings from scientific literature. Laboratory exercises include both classic and modern approaches to cellular and molecular biology utilizing prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic organisms. The laboratory will stress the discovery approach in applying current techniques to biological experiments. Three hours classroom and three hours laboratory a week. This is one of two courses required of all Biology majors before completing upper level coursework. It is complementary to BIOL 131 Introduction to Organisms, Populations, and Ecosystems, and the courses may be taken in either order.
10:30 AM-11:20 AM, MWF
KAUF 187
01:30 PM-04:30 PM, W
JAMESR 2218
BIOL 132-02 Introduction to Molecules, Genes, and Cells: Topics in the Molecular Basis of Disease
Instructor: Jill Felker
Course Description:
This introductory course approaches core biological themes from the molecular and cellular level, and is complementary to BIOL 131, Introduction to Organisms, Populations, and Ecosystems. Course content will be focused around a specific theme determined by the instructor, and will include biomolecule and cell structure and function; cell signaling and communication; chromosome and gene structure; DNA replication; transcription; and translation. The course will involve lecture, discussion, and readings from scientific literature. Laboratory exercises include both classic and modern approaches to cellular and molecular biology utilizing prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic organisms. The laboratory will stress the discovery approach in applying current techniques to biological experiments. Three hours classroom and three hours laboratory a week. This is one of two courses required of all Biology majors before completing upper level coursework. It is complementary to BIOL 131 Introduction to Organisms, Populations, and Ecosystems, and the courses may be taken in either order.
10:30 AM-11:45 AM, TR
TOME 115
01:30 PM-04:30 PM, T
JAMESR 2218
BIOL 132-03 Introduction to Molecules, Genes, and Cells: Topics in the Molecular Basis of Disease
Instructor: Jill Felker
Course Description:
This introductory course approaches core biological themes from the molecular and cellular level, and is complementary to BIOL 131, Introduction to Organisms, Populations, and Ecosystems. Course content will be focused around a specific theme determined by the instructor, and will include biomolecule and cell structure and function; cell signaling and communication; chromosome and gene structure; DNA replication; transcription; and translation. The course will involve lecture, discussion, and readings from scientific literature. Laboratory exercises include both classic and modern approaches to cellular and molecular biology utilizing prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic organisms. The laboratory will stress the discovery approach in applying current techniques to biological experiments. Three hours classroom and three hours laboratory a week. This is one of two courses required of all Biology majors before completing upper level coursework. It is complementary to BIOL 131 Introduction to Organisms, Populations, and Ecosystems, and the courses may be taken in either order.
01:30 PM-04:30 PM, R
JAMESR 2218
10:30 AM-11:45 AM, TR
TOME 115
BIOL 216-01 Genetics w/Lab
Instructor: Michael Roberts
Course Description:
A study of Mendelian genetics, linkage, and mutation. An introduction to basic DNA structure and function including replication, transcription, and translation. Laboratory exercises involve both classic and molecular approaches to genetic analysis utilizing prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Six hours classroom a week. Prerequisites: 131 & 132. For Neuroscience majors only, prerequisite is 132 and PSYC 125.
09:00 AM-10:15 AM, TR
TOME 115
01:30 PM-04:30 PM, M
RNORTH 1316
BIOL 216-02 Genetics w/Lab
Instructor: Dana Somers
Course Description:
Permission of Instructor Required A study of Mendelian genetics, linkage, and mutation. An introduction to basic DNA structure and function including replication, transcription, and translation. Laboratory exercises involve both classic and molecular approaches to genetic analysis utilizing prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Six hours classroom a week. Prerequisites: 131 & 132. For Neuroscience majors only, prerequisite is 132 and PSYC 125.
01:30 PM-04:30 PM, R
JAMESR 2206
10:30 AM-11:45 AM, TR
JAMESR 2206
BIOL 224-01 Plant Geography & Ecology w/Lab
Instructor: Carol Loeffler
Course Description:
Analysis of factors determining the distribution and abundance of plant species, including study of plant migration patterns today and in the distant past. Lecture includes examples and readings from classic and recent research. Field, laboratory, and greenhouse studies focus on plant demography, plant-animal interactions, plant community structure, competition, soil and water relations, and other topics. Six hours classroom a week. Prerequisites: 131 and 132 OR ENST 161 and 162.
12:30 PM-04:30 PM, M
RNORTH 2319
08:30 AM-09:20 AM, MW
RNORTH 2319
BIOL 224-02 Plant Geography & Ecology w/Lab
Instructor: Carol Loeffler
Course Description:
Analysis of factors determining the distribution and abundance of plant species, including study of plant migration patterns today and in the distant past. Lecture includes examples and readings from classic and recent research. Field, laboratory, and greenhouse studies focus on plant demography, plant-animal interactions, plant community structure, competition, soil and water relations, and other topics. Six hours classroom a week. Prerequisites: 131 and 132 OR ENST 161 and 162.
08:30 AM-09:20 AM, MW
RNORTH 2319
12:30 PM-04:30 PM, W
RNORTH 2319
BIOL 313-01 Cell Biology w/Lab
Instructor: John Henson
Course Description:
An introduction to the structure and function of cells, with emphasis on the molecular mechanisms of cellular processes. The course will involve discussion-oriented lectures and readings from the current literature. The laboratory will stress the discovery approach in applying state of the art techniques to cell biological experiments. Six hours classroom a week. Prerequisites: One 200-level BIOL course. For Neuroscience majors only, prerequisite is 132 and PSYC 125 and NRSC 200.
01:30 PM-04:30 PM, T
JAMESR 1218
09:30 AM-10:20 AM, MWF
KAUF 186
BIOL 314-01 Ecology w/Lab
Instructor: Scott Boback
Course Description:
Study of the interactions of organisms with each other, and with their environment, at the level of the individual, the population, the community, and the ecosystem. Lectures and readings consider both the theory of ecology and data from empirical research in the classic and current literature. Laboratory and field studies explore how ecologists perform quantitative tests of hypotheses about complex systems in nature. Six hours classroom a week. Prerequisites: One 200-level Biology course. For ENST/ENSC majors only, prerequisite is ENST 162. For Neuroscience majors only, prerequiste is NRSC 200.
01:30 PM-04:30 PM, W
RNORTH 1317
09:30 AM-10:20 AM, MWF
KAUF 187
BIOL 318-01 Animal Development w/Lab
Instructor: Kirsten Guss
Course Description:
This course offers an introduction to the development of multicellular animals. The study of development addresses the following question: how does a single cellthe fertilized egggive rise to a complex organism, containing many cells of many types? Three essential processes must occur for development to proceed: an increase in cell number through division; an increase in types of cells through differentiation; and the arrangement of cells into organs, tissues, appendages and other complex structures. In this course, we will examine the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie these processes, with a focus on the current understanding of, and approaches used to investigate, the genetic basis of development of model organisms. Six classroom hours a week. Prerequisites: One 200-level biology course. For Neuroscience majors only, the prerequisite is NRSC 200.
01:30 PM-04:30 PM, M
JAMESR 2206
09:30 AM-10:20 AM, MWF
TOME 117
BIOL 326-01 Microbiology w/Lab
Instructor: David Kushner
Course Description:
Permission of Instructor Required Molecular biology, genetics, and biochemistry (structure and function) of bacteria, archaea, and viruses. Includes an introduction to the immune system and mechanisms of medical control of microbes. Molecular mechanisms of bacterial pathogenesis are addressed via readings from the recent primary literature. Laboratory exercises include the isolation and characterization of unknown bacteria using traditional and molecular methods, and modern genomic approaches to characterizing host response to infection. Six hours classroom a week. Prerequisites: One 200-level BIOL course. For Neuroscience majors, prerequisite is NRSC 200.
01:30 PM-04:30 PM, W
RNORTH 1316
08:30 AM-09:20 AM, MWF
STUART 1113
BIOL 331-01 Principles of Biochemistry
Instructor: Rebecca Connor
Course Description:
Cross-listed with CHEM 331-01. This course will explore the structure and function of fundamental organic biomolecules of life, including nucleotides, peptides, carbohydrates, and lipids; their biosynthesis and interactions in an aqueous solution; and enzyme kinetics and catalysis. Special attention will be dedicated to how dysregulation of these systems manifests itself in human disease. Students may not receive credit for both CHEM 331 and CHEM 342. This course does not have an associated lab. Prerequisite: CHEM 242. This course is cross-listed as CHEM 331.
11:30 AM-12:20 PM, MWF
STUART 1104
BIOL 333-01 Human Physiology w/Lab
Instructor: Carol Loeffler, BIOL STAFF
Course Description:
This course examines physiological mechanisms in the human body with an emphasis on the chemical and physical principles that govern the normal functions of organs and organ systems to maintain homeostasis. Topics include the nervous, muscular, cardiovascular, respiratory, endocrine, digestive, renal, reproductive, and immune systems. The laboratory reinforces lecture material through experiments that involve physiological measurements and data analysis.Six hours classroom a week. Prerequisites: One 200-level BIOL course. For Neuroscience majors, prerequisite is NRSC 200.
01:30 PM-04:30 PM, T
JAMESR 1228
10:30 AM-11:45 AM, TR
JAMESR 1228
BIOL 335-01 Microanatomy
Instructor: Chuck Zwemer
Course Description:
An integrated lecture and laboratory course focused on the functional microanatomy/histology of mammals. This course will examine the microscopic anatomy of cells, tissues, organ, and organ systems and the crucial relationship between form and function. The laboratory portion of the course will emphasize the process of microscopic examination and cover methods of contemporary histologic technique. Prerequisites: One 200-level BIOL course. For Neuroscience majors, prerequisite is NRSC 200.
09:00 AM-10:15 AM, TR
ALTHSE 110
01:30 PM-04:30 PM, M
JAMESR 1218
BIOL 336-01 Human Anatomy
Instructor: BIOL STAFF, Carol Loeffler
Course Description:
This course is a comprehensive regional examination of the gross structure, organization, and function of the human body with an emphasis on clinical case studies. The laboratory includes regional examination of human gross anatomy, histology, and dissection of select organs. Six hours of classroom/laboratory per week. Prerequisites: One 200-level BIOL course. For Neuroscience majors, prerequisite Biology 132 and Neuroscience 200.
10:30 AM-11:20 AM, MWF
JAMESR 2206
01:30 PM-04:30 PM, F
JAMESR 2206
BIOL 343-01 Metabolism
Instructor: Thomas Arnold
Course Description:
A survey of the metabolic processes in animals and plants, including signal transduction, aerobic and anaerobic respiration, and photosynthesis, as well as the biosynthesis of the major types of biomolecules. For each metabolic pathway, we will examine the regulation of enzymes and related genes, their energetic requirements, and the function of pathway end products. Both the normal functioning of metabolic pathways and common metabolic malfunctions, e.g., human inborn errors of metabolism, will be considered. Selected readings from the primary literature and the popular press are required. Students will complete detailed case studies focusing on human metabolism and metabolic disorders. Three hours classroom a week. Prerequisite: CHEM 242.
10:30 AM-11:20 AM, MWF
KAUF 178
BIOL 401-01 Advanced Topics in Neurobiology
Instructor: Missy Niblock
Course Description:
This course satisfies the requirement for a research experience for the biology major. Through hands-on original experimentation and study of the primary literature related to a small group project, students will acquire not only an understanding of the methodology and philosophy of neurobiological research, but also valuable lab skills, knowledge, and experience. Students also will practice the formulation of hypotheses, the design of novel experiments to test these hypotheses, submission of relevant animal protocols, and the interpretation of results. The theme for this advanced laboratory course is neurobiology. We will read about and discuss some of the most exciting new experimental approaches for understanding the neural networks that contribute to specific behaviors. We will read journal articles and discuss them during our meetings, but the focus of the class will be interactive, hands-on lab work. Students will learn how to critique the underlying scientific approaches in the process. The highlight of the course will be a semester-long project for which students will design, carry out, and document a novel experiment in the lab using a mouse model. 3 hours of lab/week.
01:30 PM-04:30 PM, R
JAMESR 1218
BIOL 401-02 Research in Vertebrate Biology
Instructor: Scott Boback
Course Description:
Students in this course will engage in hands-on research projects collecting data on vertebrate animals throughout the semester. After reading and discussing peer-reviewed journal articles, we will develop hypotheses and predictions to address our questions. Students will choose among several research projects addressing the morphology, physiology, and/or behavior of vertebrates focusing specifically on amphibians and reptiles. In small research teams, we will design and execute experiments, analyze data using the R programming environment, and present our results. Midway through the semester, each research team will share their specific methodology with the broader group so all students can develop a working knowledge of several state-of-the-art field and laboratory skills. Additional emphasis will be placed on how to develop animal care and use protocols that are necessary for any research involving vertebrate animals. This course fulfills the research requirement for the biology major.
01:30 PM-04:30 PM, F
RNORTH 1317
BIOL 412-01 The Physiology of Prehospital Emergency Care
Instructor: Chuck Zwemer
Course Description:
Through detailed study of the primary biological literature, students acquire an understanding of the methodology and philosophy of scientific research. Includes study of the formulation of hypotheses, the design of experiments or observations to test these hypotheses, and the interpretation of results. This course will normally require a major research-based presentation and/or paper and may also involve the conduct of research by students. This course satisfies the requirement for a research experience for the biology major. Prerequisites: one 200-level Biology course and one upper-level Biology course.
01:30 PM-04:30 PM, R
JAMESR 1228
BIOL 433-01 Molecular Medicine w/Lab
Instructor: Tiffany Frey
Course Description:
Molecular medicine is an interdisciplinary field of study that seeks to develop ways to prevent, diagnose, treat, and improve human health issues by understanding the molecular basis of normal and abnormal physiological processes. This course will examine the molecular medical approaches to patient care for select topics related to human health with an emphasis on critical analysis of current biomedical literature. The laboratory portion of the course will explore methods used in biomedical research with an emphasis on analysis and evaluation of data. a week. Six hours of classroom/laboratory a week. Prerequisites: at least one upper-level physiology or cellular & molecular biology course: 216, 313, 318, 326, 327, 330 ,333, 334, 335, 380, CHEM 342 or permission of instructor.
01:30 PM-04:30 PM, T
JAMESR 2206
10:30 AM-11:45 AM, TR
KAUF 187